Article on “Coke Blinks” Essay

Mark Bittman’s article â€Å"Coke Blinks† discusses how the famous soda company, Coca-Cola, recently released a video where it addresses the growing problem in our nation of obesity. In the video Coca-Cola attempts to claim that it is not their fault people are obese; it’s the consumers fault because the company offers low calorie beverages and now has smaller proportioned drinks. They are basically saying that every calorie counts and not just the ones in their products. Bittman describes this video as, â€Å"Sheer manipulation, calculated to confuse, obscure and deny.† Bittman beliefs sugar, â€Å"Especially in liquid form† is extremely harmful and not just because it leads to obesity. He thinks Coca-Cola is more focused on making money than it is trying to help the nation deal with obesity. He goes on to compare soda to nicotine saying, â€Å"Soda is a fructose delivery system as tobacco is a nicotine delivery system.† He is stating that Coca-Cola is doing the same thing tobacco companies once did, ignore the fact that their product was extremely harmful and they didn’t want the consumers to know because it would lead to a loss in product sales. This article focuses on the negative effects that sugar based beverages have on the body. Bittman states, â€Å"There is virtual consensus that drinking too much soda is bad for you, and it’s not hard to understand the evidence.† In the end Coca-Cola is simply trying to lessen its bad reputation for causing health problems such as diabetes and chubbiness by releasing a video which talks about obesity. Bittman is implicating the irony in Coca-Cola’s video and he simply trying to warm people not to drink soda because it’s not healthy.   

It Is Hard to Possess a Sense of Belonging When We Are Unsure of Our Own Identity Essay

The journey in finding our identity and belonging can often be a struggle, since we ask ourselves, ‘who am I’ vs. whom do others want me to be? And where do I belong? This point in our live is subjective, because we want to feel accepted in society we deny ourselves of what we really are. It’s hard to have a sense of belonging when we ourselves are unsure of our own identity. There comes a time where our opinions and beliefs are differentiated from those around us, during this time some people may discover where they belong, where as many others do not. We are all different in our own ways no one is born equally some may take their differences as an advantage and some take it as a disadvantage and tries to hide this imperfection in order to fit in. Although we all live in the same world we are all different be it the shape of our eyes, the colour of our skin, the country we were born or the accent that we speak in and to others their sexuality. These are all the traits that come together and create our identity, however this differences are sometimes not accepted in the society that we live in, and the sad part is that even if we know what we really are deep inside, our society tells us otherwise. Shuffling through the book Growing up Asian in Australia, I read a lot of stories that made me feel nostalgic, having flashbacks in my head when I first step in Australia and the feeling of deja vu overwhelms me with emotions, while flipping through the stories I read something that caught my attention ‘My First Kiss’ by Lian Low. Her story is not something I would say that I could relate to completely, She grew up in country where ‘homosexuality is a criminal offence’, and deep inside she knew she was different but her surrounding kept her from being true to herself, â€Å"becoming more ‘womanly,’ I suddenly lost foot of my tomboy world† she denied herself in order for her to blend in. She wanted to be equal with the people around her but the difference can’t hide what she is â€Å"I felt a foreigner whenever I open my mouth. Whenever I spoke my accent betrayed my origins† â€Å"My attempt to blend in failed me as soon as I opened my mouth†. The reason why we are all unique is because we ultimately choose what does or does not impact us in a crucial or unimportant way, we have the choice to accept or deny our uniqueness but whichever we choses influences our form of distinctiveness. Everything and everyone can influence a person’s identity, while some influences can be minor, some can have a major effect on our lives just like Lian Low’s story after concealing and denying her sexuality she finally learned to accept her difference after her first kiss with a girl. She erudite in writing that once became her source of comfort and used to bury herself with, â€Å"Writing and performance have been outlets, `they have let me be myself, express myself and explore my multiple identities: Asian, woman, queer, migrant, Chinese-Malaysian-Australian. † It is not solely one stage of our lives when we are confronted with an identity crisis, but a continuous challenge throughout our lives as we encounter new experience that will alter our thoughts, emotions and perspective on ourselves. We have to learn to love and accept our individuality, In order for us to feel welcomed and accepted by someone or something In fact as suggested by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, a psychology theory cantered on human’s innate desire of fulfilment, belonging is a need that we naturally seek in order to feel loved. Whether it’s belonging with your friends’ family or surrounding, we need to embrace our individuality to know what we want, what we are, and what we’re not.

Assessing If Animal Experimentation Should Continue Sociology Essay

Assessing If Animal Experimentation Should Continue Sociology Essay Pet experimentations have already been thoroughly utilized in items and medical studies screening because the 1980s. Nevertheless, the usage of creatures for items screening and medical studies has just worried about individual advantages. What about your pet rights? Does advantages that are individual usually allow it to be authorized for all of US to intervene your pet rights? The problem whether it's essential and moral to utilize creatures for items screening and sciences continues to be intensely discussed to get a time period. Although Pet Rights Activist recognized animal-rights have been morally intruded by vivisections, Laboratory Animal Study of America National Academy thought pet studies is important in several places. Europeans for Medical Improvement which also other this problem shows dog experimentations unreliable and as ineffective. This composition analyze and may define their sights to be able to develop the author's own stand-over issue of animal experimentations . Laboratory Animal Study of Sciences' U.S. National Academy proposes there are requirements for pet studies to become extended to safeguard people from harmful items and illnesses. These said that contemporary systems for example advanced computers continue to be rare to represent the relationships between microorganisms, cells, areas, areas and substances like vivisection does. Scientists stated the experimentations were completed centered on moral methods defined legally and therefore refuse the problem of cruelty and creatures' misuse included throughout the studies. Additionally they state that many study doesn't include discomfort of course if therefore, the discomfort is relieved with anesthetic or medication medications. Researchers also claim concerning the parallels of people biology and creatures that has permitted them to build up vaccines, new medicines and assist them for more information about our anatomies and just how its purpose. Based on National Association for Labo ratory Animal Science, the information collected are just useless in comprehension people, its does additionally useful in knowing our other along with animals, wildlife creatures also (Utilization Of Creatures in Biomedical Research. n.d. p1). Despite the fact that this problem continues to be intensely discussed to get a very long time, the clear answer to prevent it appears complicated and nevertheless too much. Whilst the notion on animal-rights, integrity, and creatures' survival grows through the years, animals proceeds possibly performed within medical, humanely correct, and moral concepts although getting used in study. This enhancement was developed consequently in the introductions of Manual for that Treatment and Utilization Of Laboratory Animals from the National Research Council (NRC) of America. This manual that worried about animal-rights offers the establishments with short traces to handle the study within moral, gentle, and medical concepts. For example, the launch of three Rs technique - alternative, accomplishment, and decrease - were created whilst the primary principle towards humanely pet scientific tests (National Research Council, 2010). Within the 1950s, researches which concerned separating baby monkeys at-birth from their moms hasbeen completed as a way to look at on maternal starvation. Nevertheless, many researchers have firmly criticized this course of action since it is morally incorrect to test individual mental issues that problem interpersonal, genetic and social factors. Mental dog tests that trigger to animals can be viewed as as inhumane as you will find facts that demonstrated creatures likewise experienced exactly the same selection of feelings as people. Animal Rights Activists thought their to be handled as people is deserved by creatures. Including the best to become guarded from any type of tenderness. As people, creatures ought to be regarded quite simply being in the place of home. German and Europe has had some actions in match this problem. In 1992, Europe has recognized animals to be in the place of issues or home (Kayasse, ELIZABETH, S, n.d), while German additional creatures' safety undernea th the structure in 2002. Europeans for Medical Improvement has its stay to disapprove the usage of creatures in medical studies although Pet Rights Activists compared animal experimentations about animal-rights. Whilst the systems create, you will find more and more physicians and researchers began to claim about the stability of utilizing creatures in medical studies and medicals. The study performed on 2004 has shown the facts that vivisection is unreliable and ineffective. For study can be viewed as as improper anymore development in systems today has created addiction on creatures. Furthermore, newly-developed methods that's affordable has offers persuasive outcomes when compared with animal studies. Rats have already been utilized significantly whilst the most dependable animals within the lab to complete on the study. Nevertheless, it had been documented within the Laboratory Pet journal that rats is really a bad versions in knowledge a way of remedies for common cancers along with the system of disease. It had been confirmed the variations between people along with other creatures in mobile and essential innate, molecular has improbable supply efficient lead to looking for the cancer therapies. Furthermore, the efficient therapy examined on creatures has reflected extreme unwanted effects and bad effectiveness when it's put on people. Since 1987, over 100 HIV vaccine studies have been financed by U.S. National Institute of Sensitivity and Infectious Illnesses in people. Despite the fact that 30 vaccines and over 50 vaccines have shown excellent results against HIV/helps with creatures, the tests has didn't respond in people. The parallels between creatures biology and people has allow the researchers make therapy for individual desires and to discover about illnesses. Nevertheless, this declaration isn't relevant anymore while there is growing study results-which exhibited in looking for the remedy animal experimentations didn't show its stability. This process of study preserve proceeds despite the fact that the restriction of vivisection was confirmed, for many factors. Why animal experimentations continue so far among the most dependable businesses within the area has exposed the reasons. Based on the Medical Research Modernization Board, dog testing is essential particularly in chemical sectors due to their own advantages (Anderegg, D. et al. 2006, p19). It features as authorized refuge for that businesses in instances of clients' reduction and impairment due to substance utilized in these products. The patients don't have any to prosecute from the organization whilst the items were officially recomm ended examined on creatures. Furthermore, dog testing is keeping until nowadays for many reasons that function the scientists' governmental, skilled and financial requirements. Medical study that associated with people often include plenty of time-consuming and costs, normally vivisections can very quickly get submit within short-period of time. Medical contemporary development right now and huge improvement in engineering has allowed the development of options which in a position to exchange animals' usage in medical study. Epidemiological may be the efficient and most dependable reports in determining the fundamental reasons for individual illnesses centered on population documents (Anderegg, D. et al. 2006, p15). The easiest way to review individual illnesses is none but to carefully tracking individuals that are individual. Humane Society of America shows that each year significantly more than twenty five thousand creatures hasbeen employed for training functions, and study, screening. Aside from preserving a large number of creatures' existence, epidemiological reports are far less inconsistent to explain therapy methods, efficient reduction and the systems. It's unnecessary to analyze creatures to find what causes some illnesses out. As options, the development of contemporary noninvasive imaging products for example DOG, MRI, KITTEN and SPECT tests therefore and have changed medical analysis decrease the addiction on creatures for medical study (Anderegg, D. et al. 2006, p16). Additionally, advanced computer-modeling has additionally changed animal tests which usually take decades or weeks for that outcomes which were simply within minutes today. Plus or "Episkin" created by L'Oreal study group possibly may provides some expectations from endure lab tests (Episkin to a large number of numerous creatures: Developing Skin within the Laboratory. 2007). Animal experimentations shouldn't be stored continuing in conclusion, although Laboratory Animal Study of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences proceeds to test on creatures within moral methods for that benefit to find therapy and protect people from dangerous item. Both reasons for Medical Improvement from Animal Rights Activist are tangible and undeniable to rebut the U.S. National Academy of Sciences claims' Laboratory Animal Study. Powerful helps from Medical Research Modernization Board, plus have offers plain details regarding vivisections the truth is. With no doubt, the author thought that pet studies ought to be finished since recently create systems may overcome the restriction of animal experimentations that has today clearly not regarded as reasonable anymore.

Law Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law Equity - Essay Example (Tom Myers, 2006) It is therefore imperative that a distinction between an ideological society and a non-ideological or post-ideological society should be made for purposes of discussing Zizek's view. In the former, politics is subjugated by the exploration for ultimate societal goal, the ideals and aspiration to realize a particular conception of the better society. It is a society where a dominant view of the better life is dispersed through society and influences people's consciousness. This process assumes different category, ranging from the totalitarian societies of fascism and Stalinist communism to liberal societies where concepts of ideological hegemony is sought. However, in present day society, the issues of political debate can no longer be fixed within the parameters of any single ideology. Over the centuries, society evolved to a much liberated system from a massive framework. Nevertheless, there is a clash between the politics of identity and the politics of ideology: the former explores in political action the recognition of the particular interests and goals of the individual, or cultural group. Ideological politics, on the other hand manifests in a collective manner of public action. The domain of ideological politics is geared towards total social transformation. However, modern political life does not operate anymore in like manner, but of fragmented or piecemeal basis, i.e., particular groups working its way for recognition, special interests claiming that governments take action to their demands (John Schwarzmantel, 2004). To these, Zizek view of the shape of politics in the contemporary society is anything but ideological. That the apparent fact of the perils of ideological politics in their totalitarian form paves way to a disparate reaction which receives the politics of difference and diversity is easily contested by Zezik. If ideologies would lead to the destruction of pluralism, then a healthy and diverse society has no place in a myriad of ideologies which seek to manipulate such diversity into one ideal. Ideologies seeks to present one ideal of a better society and attempts to reorient or direct different aspects of life towards one goal. Thus, an ideological movement is a collective movement, which stimulates people's loyalty, influences their emotions through the employment of myth and symbolism. It seeks to captivate state power to oblige that goal on the whole of society. Hence, the proponents of what Zezik's opposes acknowledge that ideological movements are not recognizable entities in the present society. (Tom Myers, 2006) Thus, its proponents insist that we have moved to a different kind of society which can be appropriately termed as post-ideological. However, Zezik's views differ on this as may be perused in his views as discussed below. Points de Capiton The question thus Zizek asks about ideology is that what maintains an ideological field of meaning consistent This is because of the fact that signifiers are dynamic and are prone to take its meaning to variousninterpretation. So how does ideology maintains its consistency The answer to this question is that a given ideological field is "quilted" by what he terms a point de capiton or the "anchoring point". Zisek argues that a point de capiton is a signifier which averts meaning from moving about inside the ideological quilt. A point de capiton provides identity to an ideological fi

Okay for now by Gary Schmidt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Okay for now by Gary Schmidt - Coursework Example In the novel, we read about the relationship of Mr. Culross and Doug’s father. Although Doug’s father was working for Mr. Culross, he could terminate their relationship anytime he wanted. From this passage, we learn about Mr Culross’ character as a very cruel person who never cared about the rights of his workers. This character trait is also evident as Doug’s father could come home with a bandage on his face whenever he came from his boss working place, Culross Lumber Inc. (Schmidt, 2011, p. 5). At this instance, we are also able to learn about the character traits of Doug’s father. We see him presented as a humble person who has a lot of steadfast. He is able to work for Mr. Culross even though he receives poor treatments from him. From this passage, we can also understand the theme that develops from the relationship between Mr. Culross and Doug’s father. This is a relationship between the master and the servant or the between the employer and the employees. The theme that develops is that of poverty. Doug’s father is forced to work under a harsh condition in Mr Culross lumber industry because he was poor. It is poverty that makes him to withstand his boss’ cruelty. If he were rich, he could have quitted the job at Mr Culross Lumber Inc. and look for a different place. Another important part of the book is on page 21, the last paragraph continuing to the next page. From these incepts, we come to understand the role that Doug’s mother plays as a woman (Schmidt, 2011, p. 21). When Doug was coming down from the upstairs, he met his mother making some pancakes. From this statement, we learn about the trait of his mother. She is a responsible woman who takes care of the family. She would ensure that her husband have something to eat before he went to work. Apart from being responsible, she is also a hardworking lady

Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Economy - Essay Example The new structural adjustment programme (SAP) and economic policy usually foretell environmental effect without precision due to the multifaceted interaction of different ecological, political, social, and economic forces. This will result in an adverse effect on ecological balance. The overexploitation of natural resources caused by greater demand and the destruction of ecological systems because of rapid population increase has a severe effect on the environment. Thus the notion of sustainable development emerged, which denotes a method of human growth wherein resource use aspires to satisfy human needs while protecting the sustainable performance of the environment or the ecosystem, so that the needs of both the present and future generations will be met. Globalisation is definitely changing the global environment. Some believe that globalisation has a favourable effect on sustainable development, as a phenomenon of growth and higher living standards. It cultivates economic development and supportive organisations, both needed in the long term to deal with the global environment. Others view globalisation’s effect as detrimental, as a phenomenon reducing the world into a swamp of environmental deterioration. It is speeding up the disastrous process of overexploitation of natural resources without regard for social justice or equality. These two strands of argument are both valid. Globalisation is characterised by multifaceted and div erse groups of overlying mechanisms. Unavoidably, there will be diverse and on occasion intersecting outcomes for the global environment. Despite the capabilities of globalisation toward economic integration it contributed to inequality leading to greater environmental effects like desertification, biodiversity, conservation of the ozone layer, and climate change. In general, pollution, depletion of the ozone layer,

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 119

Essay Example positive effect of such content can only be achieved if the teaching on the content is done by an informed individual, who is able to differentiate meanings of the words and images used. The studies by American Academy of Pediatrics have shown that music has relatively low influence on the behavior of children. The lack of observable influence simply results from the fact that little attention is paid o the lyrics of music, while at the same time; the level of understanding of such lyrics by children might be low. However, there is an open suggestion by researchers that music has an influence on the behavior of children. The isolation of an individual or that of children by their parents is not a solution to avoiding the evil that is rampant in the modern society. The plausible alternative is for individuals to educate each other regarding the consequences of certain thoughts and actions. This would be essential to avoid taking action that would harm the society, by simply paying attention to misleading actions or information. For example, it is very easy for people to misinterpret the revenge theme covered in Psalms 137, by holding that it is the right of the Jews to be revenge against harm. However, when the psalm is read carefully, it simply indicates the need for the Jews to adhere to good conduct, and allow another power beyond them to revenge for their harm. The content of this psalm reveals the Jewish belief in the golden rule that those who wrong others will also encounter just punishment. This understanding is instrumental in helping people avoid violent and evil behavior towards others. It is right that the Liturgy of the Hours needs to be included in at the end of psalms 137, only that it needs to be accompanied by positive interpretation like the one offered by St. Augustine, Ambrose or Oregon. There is a need t interpret the bible both figuratively and also literally, such that it might not end up being used the same way as modern music and lyrics,

Juvenille Diabetes Research foundation describe how it helps the Essay

Juvenille Diabetes Research foundation describe how it helps the community - Essay Example JDRF facilitates research to identify ways to gain maximum results with least inconvenience to the individuals suffering from diabetes. A lot of children as well as adults in our country are suffering from obesity. To make it worse, obesity comes with numerous side-effects including high blood pressure and diabetes. Research conducted by JDRF tends to find cure for such diseases as diabetes and high blood pressure. â€Å"JDRF is committed to improving the lives of the type 1 diabetes community by keeping you informed about the latest developments in type 1 diabetes research and by providing a range of support services to help you from initial diagnosis through to managing life with type 1 diabetes† (JDRF b). Thus, JDRF not only targets the direct effects of obesity like individual’s looks, consciousness and self-perceptions but also the symptoms and health conditions indirectly associated with obesity. I place so much confidence in JDRF because it has made a lot of diff erence in the life of my own younger sister, Maria. When Maria was 5 years old, she was diagnosed with obesity by JDRF. We thought she had just put on a few extra pounds that would be gone with a little bit of dieting. It was not until JDRF confirmed she was obese that we stopped thinking she was just overweight. To our surprise, JDRF took Maria’s tests and informed us that she was having type 1 diabetes. We could not imagine a girl as young as 5 years old would be having diabetes! Since I am emotionally too attached to Maria, this came to me as nothing less than a shock. Back then, I couldn’t imagine how awful life would be if I had to live without sugar. JDRF proposed that we took immediate measures to alter Maria’s eating habits and walkout patterns in order to do our bit to make her future secure. Mom, dad and I decided that if Maria was not going to consume sugar, so would be we! Now that about 8 years have passed since then, everything has changed for the better. What came as a shock to all of us 8 years back proved to be a forewarning with the passage of time! When JDRF diagnosed Maria with those diseases, they not only tested Dad, Mom and me for the same health hazards, but also took notes about what we ate, how often we ate, when we ate and why we ate whatever we did. They informed us that they would use that information for research purposes. We assisted them in all ways we could because it felt like a way to do our little bit in the well-being of the whole society through JDRF. At the time when Maria was diagnosed with obesity and type 1 diabetes, mama and I were also overweight. JDRF told us that we were quite likely to become obese within few years from then if we continued with the same dietary and exercise habits. For about 8 years since then, Maria, mom, dad and I have had no chocolates, no carbonated drinks, no deep fried foods, no Big Macs and no junk food. Since the time we consulted JDRF, we have placed full emphasis of living upon fresh foods and vegetables. We have been going for a walk every morning and it has become a very important part of out everyday life, and we did gain positive results! Maria has recently tested negative for type 1 diabetes. All of us are in perfect shape. Today, when I look myself into the mirror, I become overwhelmed to see how nice I look and much of this is due to my smartness. We are grateful to JDRF that they informed us about the potential risks just in time so that we were able to take

Emergency Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emergency Management - Research Paper Example The mission of the Base emergency management is to direct and deploy assets to mitigate risk. It is clearly indicated from this mission that the Base EOC is only aimed at making sure that risks are adequately mitigated through directing and deploying of available assets. In the process, they use various resources that includes; professional personnel, the various tools used in the emergency such as fire extinguishers and water, transportation materials, active communication channels, and the support from the relevant authorities (Hughes, 2012). The resources mentioned here are crucial for the emergency management process to be effective both in the short run and long run. It is due to this that most managers consider them to be assets in their organization which come to help in the management of the risk. However, the availability of such assets is not always guaranteed for every organization that is in charge of controlling emerging situations in our society. Therefore, it was cruci al that we consider if these valuable resources are available to the Base EOC. Consideration of the availability of these assets can help in determining if the Base emergency management is going to achieve its mission of mitigating risks through deploying of assets in the affected regions.

The real estate market in Hong Kong and suggested public policies Essay

The real estate market in Hong Kong and suggested public policies - Essay Example Hence, it is certainly inevitable that a subsidized public housing program will bear significant effects on households, the economy, and society (Feng 2010, p. 3). The account of subsidized housing policy in Hong Kong has witnessed multiple twists and turns over the decades with divergent outcomes. Frequently, the changes brought unanticipated consequences with some leading to disastrous consequences. Some of the core problems detail that property tenure and occupancy rights in Hong Kong remain erratic in which there are four critical categories of housing tenure; private sector owner occupiers, private sector renters, subsidized public tenants, and subsidized public sector owner occupiers (Lam 2000, p.397). The Hong Kong economy is credited for its legendary resilience since, despite several momentous setbacks such as Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), incidents of financial and banking rises, and significant oil crises, the Hong Kong economy has remained fairly stab le with no registered negative economic growth (Lam 2000, p.398). However, the financial crises of the 1997 and 2008 had a negative impact on housing and led to a substantial industry’s downturn. ... In April 1954, the government established a semi-independent body, Hong Kong Housing Authority, to render long-term improvements in the living environment, especially for the low income families. The initial low cost housing was constructed in 1958, in North Point and featured independent facilities (Yung 2008, p.6). This marked the earliest form of Resettlement Building with a total of 11,000 units of public rental housing built from 1958-1968 by the society. 1970-1985 In Oct 1972, the government announced an ambitious housing program to avail decent living accommodation to close to 1.8 million citizens in one decade. Starting from 1978, Housing Authority launched several schemes including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) Private Participation Scheme (PSPS), plus other loan schemes. From 1973 to 1982, close to 220,000 flats were constructed (encompassing HOS and PSPS), which housed close to 1 million people (Keung 1985, p.24). 1985-2000 In 1987, the launch of Long Term Housing Strategy p ursued in aid all the families to acquire suitable and affordable housing. The emphasis in this case changed from the provision of public rental units to sponsorship of homeownership among citizens as part of long-term solutions of housing problem. The strategy speeded up the expansion of HOS and PSPS and facilitated enhanced utilization of a private developer’s resources, besides the introduction of Home Purchase Loan Scheme (Yung 2008, p.7). In the Ten-year Housing Plan, (1997-2006), the housing authority oversaw the construction of more than 85,000 flats per year with public housing flats accounting for 50,000 flats. From 1997, families living in public rental

Richard Cory Essay Example for Free

Richard Cory Essay In the poem, Richard Cory is believed to be superior in contrast to the working people. The poem states, â€Å"Whenever Richard Cory went down town, we people on the pavement looked at him† (754). The working people had very little money and work consistently to survive, â€Å"So on we worked, and waited for the light, and went without the meat, and cursed the bread† (755). The people admired Richard Cory and wished to one day have the same wealth as Richard Cory, â€Å"And he was rich—yes, richer than a king† (755). Richard Cory is well-presented, and the people described Richard Cory appearance as â€Å"Cleaned favored, an imperially slim† (754). In the poem, the people also described Richard Cory as a â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown† (754) and â€Å"And admirably schooled in every grace† (755). Richard Cory symbolized everything a working man strived to accomplish, â€Å"To make us wish that we were in his place† (755). In the poem, the people represent the lower working-class and Richard Cory represents the higher level of society. The people hope to one day become like Richard Cory through hard work and determination. In the poem, clearly the people think Richard Cory has the perfect life and have no knowledge of the struggles Richard Cory faces. Throughout the poem, the reader believes that Richard Cory is a legendary man. Richard Cory is depicted as a man who kept to himself, the poem states, â€Å"He was always quietly arrayed† (754). In the poem, the people also portray Richard Cory as down to earth, it states, â€Å"He was always human when he talked† (754). Richard Cory did not believe he was better than anyone else; he was humble. Richard Cory is also noticeable, the people stated, â€Å"He glittered when he walked† (754). Everyone held Richard Cory as in higher figure, so ending of the poem is surprising. The last line of the poem states, â€Å"Went home and put a bullet through his head† (755). The ending of the poem is shocking to the reader; the reader is not expecting Richard Cory to commit suicide. The poem describes Richard Cory in a graceful manner, and t he reader would not assume the ending. The people describe a two-dimensional Richard Cory. Throughout the poem, the people simply analyze Richard Cory appearance and do not understand the inner being of Richard Cory. In the poem, the reader is concealed to the instability that Richard Cory encountered that caused his suicide. The reader perceives Richard Cory as an ideal man and is not aware of the difficulties Richard Cory battles internally. After Richard Cory’s suicide the poem ends, but the poem indicates that the people learn from Richard Cory’s death. In the poem, the people realize that Richard Cory’s life was not as fascinating as they expected, the poem states that, â€Å"We thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place† (755). The people believe that Richard Cory is a magnificent man because of his appearance. However, the people never really understand what is going on in the life of Richard Cory; the people did not understand the struggles Richard Cory exp eriences inside. The reason Richard Cory commits suicide is insignificant because the reader still can interpret the message that the appearance of a person can be misleading. In life, there are always subject matters in which things seem better than what they are. Everyone in some aspect has impairments that halt their progression to find life’s satisfactions. Richard Corey had everything a person can dream of such as his class and wealth. He also had intangibles that many envied such as humility and appearance. These qualities do not guarantee instantaneous happiness, as depicted in the poem. Happiness, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. Meaning what a person may find satisfying or joyous, does not correlate with the rest of the population. Everyone has his or her own idea of happiness. In the poem, the working class admires what Richard Cory possesses. The process in which Richard Cory gained his wealth in unknown, along with what he may have loss within his conquest to establish his wealth. Success is impossible to measure because success varies from person to person. It is also impossible to draw conclusions on the reasons that he committed suicide other than each conclusion has an underlining theme of unhappiness. The people in the poem could not fathom on why he committed suicide. They viewed him as an icon and an epitome of success. Through his death, Richard Cory made the working people look at their lives in retrospect to see what would make them happy. The working people stated that he committed suicide on a summer night. Usually summer nights are filled with fun and extravagant things, for someone to commit suicide; they would have to feel as cold as winter on the inside. Wealth and stature did not have the same meaning to Richard Cory as wealth meant to the working class. Richard Cory found that he did not see the beauty of life and was not happy, so he committed suicide. Edwin Arlington Robinson wants readers to look at their lives and determine what makes his or her life joyful and learn from Richard Cory’s death. Social and financial status is not what determines happiness, but, rather the gift of happiness and life. We people on the pavement looked at him He was a gentleman from sole to crown, Clean favored, and imperially slim. The poem is rich in language use. The poet does not employ many poetic devices, no metaphor, no simile, no symbolism, but still the words have resonance, even though the poem is quite literal. For example, in the first line, â€Å"Whenever Richard Cory went down town,† sets up the dichotomy that holds throughout the poem. If Richard Cory went down town, he must have previously been up town, indicating a wealthy residential neighborhood; whereas â€Å"down town† suggests the business district where apartment dwellers and the working class reside. The main thrust of this poem suggests the differences between the wealthy and the less-well-off. The speaker of the poem belongs to the latter class, and the poem clearly draws distinctions between â€Å"us† and â€Å"him† (Richard Cory). In the second line, â€Å"We people on the pavement† suggests a lower class: we looked up to him as well as merely staring at him as â€Å"looked at him† indicates. The third and fourth lines offer the first description of Richard Cory: the term â€Å"gentleman† continues the division being drawn between the two socio-economic classes. A â€Å"gentleman† belongs to the gentry or higher socio-economic class than simply â€Å"a man.† Then by claiming that Cory demonstrated this gentlemanly quality from â€Å"sole to crown,† the speaker is emphasizing how entirely kingly this Cory was. â€Å"Sole† simply refers to his shoes, but â€Å"crown,† meaning the top of his head, also produces a pun or a double meaning, including the kind of head-gear a king would wear. This pun is one of the few actual figurative uses of languages used in this poem. Second Stanza And he was always quietly arrayed, And he was always human when he talked; But still he fluttered pulses when he said, Good-morning, and he glittered when he walked. The speaker of this poem is careful to make sure his listeners understand that Richard Cory was just a really nice guy. He did not look down on the common folk; he did not behave arrogantly; he spoke to people the way the speaker would expect him to, â€Å"he was always human when he talked.† Cory seemed very friendly, affable, happy, just like the common working-class stiffs only better looking and richer. Even though Cory was â€Å"quietly arrayed,† not arrogant or haughty, and even though he chatted like a regular guy, still he made people a little nervous when he addressed them, and he looked like gold as he passed by. We must remember that the speaker is a little obsessed with Richard Cory’s behavior and appearance, so while the speaker wants us to realize that Cory was a nice man who would chat with the common folk, still his manner and appearance had an effect on people. Third Stanza And he was rich—yes, richer than a king, And admirably schooled in every grace: In fine, we thought that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place. In this stanza, the speaker tells us quite plainly that Richard Cory was rich, but the speaker also exaggerates Cory’s wealth by saying he was â€Å"richer than a king.† And at this point, we can be sure the speaker is, indeed, referring to money, not personality and a successful life, because in the next line, the speaker informs us that Cory was educated in every respect; Cory had knowledge as well as good behavior. The next two lines reveal again that it is the common folk, â€Å"we,† of which the speaker is part who are making these observations and drawing these conclusions about Richard Cory. They conclude that Cory had everything a human being should have and everything they were striving for. They wished they were Richard Cory. Fourth Stanza So on we worked, and waited for the light, And went without the meat, and cursed the bread; And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head. The first two lines of the last stanza once more demonstrate the differences between the two socio-economic classes appearing the poem: the common working-class folk who admired the wealth and style of Richard Cory struggled on and on, striving for the day when they too could be like him. Not only did they work hard, but they also sacrificed because they could not buy everything they wanted, and they complained about the low quality of the things they could afford. And then we come to the last two lines that shock and startle so: Richard Cory, the man who has everything, the man who was everything that these hard working folk wanted to be—this icon of success and happiness—kills himself. We can certainly take from this poem the old adage that appearances are deceiving, but we get much more than that, if we look closely. The poet, Edwin Arlington Robinson, has composed nearly perfect poem in its truth about life, its sense of the nature of human personalities, its rhythm , its rime scheme, and it does all this while remaining quite literal without one metaphor or simile. In the poem, Richard Cory is believed to be superior in contrast to the working people. The poem states, â€Å"Whenever Richard Cory went down town, we people on the pavement looked at him† (754). The working people had very little money and work consistently to survive, â€Å"So on we worked, and waited for the light, and went without the meat, and cursed the bread† (755). The people admired Richard Cory and wished to one day have the same wealth as Richard Cory, â€Å"And he was rich—yes, richer than a king† (755). Richard Cory is well-presented, and the people described Richard Cory appearance as â€Å"Cleaned favored, an imperially slim† (754). In the poem, the people also described Richard Cory as a â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown† (754) and â€Å"And admirably schooled in every grace† (755). Richard Cory symbolized everything a working man strived to accomplish, â€Å"To make us wish that we were in his place† (755). In the poem, the people represent the lower working-class and Richard Cory represents the higher level of society. The people hope to one day become like Richard Cory through hard work and determination. In the poem, clearly the people think Richard Cory has the perfect life and have no knowledge of the struggles Richard Cory faces. Throughout the poem, the reader believes that Richard Cory is a legendary man. Richard Cory is depicted as a man who kept to himself, the poem states, â€Å"He was always quietly arrayed† (754). In the poem, the people also portray Richard Cory as down to earth, it states, â€Å"He was always human when he talked† (754). Richard Cory did not believe he was better than anyone else; he was humble. Richard Cory is also noticeable, the people stated, â€Å"He glittered when he walked† (754). Everyone held Richard Cory as in higher figure, so ending of the poem is surprising. The last line of the poem states, â€Å"Went home and put a bullet through his head† (755). The ending of the poem is shocking to the reader; the reader is not expecting Richard Cory to commit suicide. The poem describes Richard Cory in a graceful manner, and the reader would not assume the ending. The people describe a two-dimensional Richard Cory. Throughout the poem, the people simply analyze Richard Cory appearance and do not understand the inner being of Richard Cory. In the poem, the reader is concealed to the instability that Richard Cory encountered that caused his suicide. The reader perceives Richard Cory as an ideal man and is not aware of the difficulties Richard Cory battles internally. After Richard Cory’s suicide the poem ends, but the poem indicates that the people learn from Richard Cory’s death. In the poem, the people realize that Richard Cory’s life was not as fascinating as they expected, the poem states that, â€Å"We thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place† (755). The people believe that Richard Cory is a magnificent man because of his appearance. However, the people never really understand what is going on in the life of Richard Cory; the people did not understand the struggles Richard Cory experiences inside. The reason Richard Cory commits suicide is insignificant because the reader still can interpret the message that the appearance of a person can be misleading. In life, there are always subject matters in which things seem better than what they are. Everyone in some aspect has impairments that halt their progression to find life’s satisfactions. Richard Corey had everything a person can dream of such as his class and wealth. He also had intangibles that many envied such as humility and appearance. These qualities do not guarantee instantaneous happiness, as depicted in the poem. Happiness, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. Meaning what a person may find satisfying or joyous, does not correlate with the rest of the population. Everyone has his or her own idea of happiness. In the poem, the working class admires what Richard Cory possesses. The process in which Richard Cory gained his wealth in unknown, along with what he may have loss within his conquest to establish h is wealth. Success is impossible to measure because success varies from person to person. It is also impossible to draw conclusions on the reasons that he committed suicide other than each conclusion has an underlining theme of unhappiness. The people in the poem could not fathom on why he committed suicide. They viewed him as an icon and an epitome of success. Through his death, Richard Cory made the working people look at their lives in retrospect to see what would make them happy. The working people stated that he committed suicide on a summer night. Usually summer nights are filled with fun and extravagant things, for someone to commit suicide; they would have to feel as cold as winter on the inside. Wealth and stature did not have the same meaning to Richard Cory as wealth meant to the working class. Richard Cory found that he did not see the beauty of life and was not happy, so he committed suicide. Edwin Arlington Robinson wants readers to look at their lives and determine what makes his or her life joyful and learn from Richard Cory’s death. Social and financial status is not what determines happiness, but, rather the gift of happiness and life. To me the poem illustrates that it is important to be happy with the life your living and not assume that just because someone has money, they are better off.

Originality In Literary Work English Language Essay

Originality In Literary Work English Language Essay The task is aimed to answer certain important questions in relation to copyright work in UK. It answers complex questions like,What constitutes a literary work? What is meant by originality? How literary does a literary work have to be? Where is the dividing line between ideas/information (not protected as such) and expression (which is)? How is copyright acquired and how long does it last?These questions are answered in detail with examples from case laws and supported by statues. Each question is answered separately and clearly in demarked sections. A literary work is specific type of work originated by author and creates a picture, idea or a story in a meaningful pattern. There are two types of literary works. One is creative writing and other is study of the written work. In the world of copyright, the originality means contents, style and sequence of the contents which create a specific pattern and style. The copyright literary work not only includes the literature in the everyd ay sense like novels, poems, prose, biographies, review, criticism and literary but anything which is written , spoken or sung like term and conditions of trade, tradesman catalogue and brochures,tables and compilations, anthologies, encyclopaedias, directories, suites of computer programs, possibly the list of printed circuit boards and database. The time f copyright work varies from work to work. It depends upon the category and type f the work. It is usually calculated from the death of the creator. At the end of task, an interepretation of the information derived from questions is described in the form of conclusion. Table of Content List of Tables What constitutes a literary work? A literary work is specific type of work originated by author and creates a picture, idea or a story in a meaningful pattern( Jeremy 1986) . The raw material like words in case of story or lines in case of a picture are not of great importance if they are not manipulated into good structured sentence or an image to convey and idea in an artistic way( Christman1994) . Therefore a work capable to be right protected should show some skill and ability but exceptions may occur. In this way work is differentiated into a special piece of work created by an author. There are two types of literary works. One is creative writing and other is study of the written work. The creative writing is a work and values the author as creator and raises his value above the normal writing pattern. The study of the written work is the critical analysis of the written work by another literary person in a unique and specific style (Ackerman 1977). The written work may be a drama, a story, an essay, a biography, journalism or any written piece of work by author in original style. Depending upon the use of language and style, the literary work is written in two styles. It could be either prose or in poetry. Prose is a style of creative writing but its language is not in verse form. It has same literal value when words are used in a specific and unique style by the author creating a meaningful phrase (Dworkin 1978). The length of literary may vary from long novels or short as stories and essays. The author of the prose create different types of sentences either sho rt or long, questions, exclamatory sentences and various other techniques to develop his own style. The use of various literal techniques in personal style is to display the inner psychic of the characters in the novel. It should be noted that the literary work could be real as well as imaginary or a mixture of both(Hohfeld 1964). It can also include authors own experience s. Example of autobiography or others biography is good examples of inclusion of authors own experience. The other type of literary work is poetry. It is the writing in an elevated style. It is written in verse form. It is used to express deep feelings, thoughts and ideas in a beautiful language composed of unique personal style. The poetry is different from prose as it is composed of rhythmically arranged words creating thoughts and feelings with deep impact. The poetry consists on syllabus, diverse kinds of feet and stanzas as well as rhythms to create a unique style. In a real sense poetry relies more on the selection and expression of words rather than on structure of sentence as in the case of prose. There is no difference in writing of stories, parables, drama or many other literary forms as could be similar in poetry as well as in prose. What is meant by originality? The definition of original means pure. The ordinary and common meaning of originality is not acceptable in law. Instead courts have interpreted the definition of the originality by describing the relationship of the work with its author. Law is interested to know either work has been created by the author or not(Harris 1980). In the world of copyright, it means contents, style and sequence of the contents which create a specific pattern and style. The literary work means work expressed in quality or style in a specific or certain way; Example Macmillan v Cooper (1923) 40 TLR 186 (JCPC). Copyright is defined as the protection provided by law to the original authority for his efforts to create the original work. In the presence of above mentioned definition, copyright is security to the labour, skill, capital, expression, unique style, quality of the character and sum of the original work. Now, there is a question that which original work can be claimed under the copyright laws? A work consisting on original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works like sound recordings, films, videos, music(Tim 2009), broadcasts, documentaries and cable programmes are included in copyright works. Countries other than UK and USA also protect the original work under the similar copy right protection but the dept of originality required for original work may be different to make an original work capable of getting protection under copyright laws. How literary does a literary work have to be? There have always been arguments on what has been included on the literary work. What so ever the case is, the work should not be copied from any other source. For example, work was not accepted as original in Cramp v Smythson [1944] AC 329. Another example comes from a case known as Feist Publications Inc v Rural telephone services Co Inc(1991) 111 SCt 1282. The Copyright and database Regulations 1997(SI 1997 No 303) defines the literary work as any work, otherthan a dramatic or musical work, which has been written, spoken or sung and includes a table or complication other than a database, a computer program, preparatory design material for a computer program and a database. The copyright literary work not only includes the literature in the everyday sense like novels, poems, biography and literary, review and criticism but anything which is written , spoken or sung likebrochures, terms and conditions, tradesman catalogues tables and compilations, anthologies, encyclopaedias, direct ories, suites of computer programs, possibly the list of printed circuit boards and database. There is some point to remember for original work. The work should be result of a creative effort.The work shouldnt be copied from something that already exists. The work could be similar to something already exists but again it should not be copied directly or indirectly. Original work should be substantial e.g. it should be created with sufficient labour and skills. However, sufficient amount of investment without enough skill and labour may make a work original. Where, ambiguity arises, only courts can decide whether something is original or not. Sound recordings, films, published editions dont have to be original. These will not be new copy right works if these are copied from existing sounds, films or pblished editions.Similarly broadcast dont have to be original unless they infringe in another broadcast. Where is the dividing line between ideas/information (not protected as such) and expression (which is)? The copy right is like other property rights. It can be used as an economic value. For example. Like property law, it can be licensed to other person to use it as it a property. Similarly, any breach of the copyright law result in award of damages to the effected party. The sale of the copyright will terminate the authors right of owner. Even the owner ship rights finish with sale of copy right but moral rights to recognise the origin of work and not to treat the work in wrong way still exits and can be executed by injunction. Copyright protection is available to literary work when it is recorded, in writing or sung. A compilation is a selection, arrangement, style and sequence of material in the form f poems, prose, extract, novels, photography, music and songs. The work is protected by copyright because of the efforts of collecting, selecting, editing and styling. Normally no particular literal value is attached to the work. How long copy right could exist, is debateable. In one case, it was declared that copyright can subsist in a brochure for 120 years  [1]  . Copyright can also subsist in a computer program  [2]  . How is copyright acquired and how long does it last? Under copyright protection, original work is protected by unauthorised copying, publishing, performing in public or translating etc of an original work or a substantial part of it. Copying of literal work doesnt mean only literal copying but also the copying of style or structure or expression. Computer program are also considered as literary work and protected under Article 4 of Copyright Treaty. Copyright is defined as an intangible property right in relation to different types of work done by the original author. Most of these works contain information or more accurately the way in which it is expressed in the work. Copyright laws are becoming more powerful in most of the countries of the World to save industry, author and inventor. UK and USA have developed stronger copyright laws where European countries have different copy right laws. Although these laws are conceptually different, and less deep than copyright but still cover the basic protection to original work of author. Mos t countries of the world follow the common themes of the copyright law according to Bene Convention  [3]  and Wipo copyright Treaty  [4]  . The time f copyright work varies from work to work. It depends upon the category and type f the work. It is usually calculated from the death of the creator. Depending upon the nature of work, the time length of copyright is tabulated on next page. According to UK CDPA, section3 (2), a literal work has to be recorded in writing or otherwise any form of notation or code should be fixed to it. According to UK CDPA, section3 (3), all subscribing countries are obliged to confer reciprocal rights to each others citizens. Copyright Protection Work Copyright Protection Written The copyright protection in UK for original literary, theatrical,musical and artistic works lasts for the life of a creator plus 70 years from the end of the year in which author died. Film The copyright protection in UK for film lasts for the life of the principal director, the authors of the screen play and dialogue, or the composer of any music specially created for the film plus 70 years from the end of the year in which last one of aforementioned persons died Music The copyright protection in UK for original musical works lasts for the life of a creator plus 70 years from the end of the year in which author died. Recorded Songs If a song is recorded then copyright of the song lasts for 50 years from the end of the year in which it was made or if published in this time, 50 years from the end of the year of publication.    Played Song; A song has more than one copyright. Copyright for composer of music, for author of the lyrics . If recording is not published during the 50 years period but played in public or communicated to the public during that period, then copyright lasts for 50 years from when it happened. Copyright Protection Work Copyright Protection Broadcast Copyright in broadcast expires 50 years from the end of the year of its broadcast. Published Edition Copyright in publication edition expires 25 years from the end of the year in which edition was first published. When a copyright work is created by more than one author, the authors are called joint authors and joint owners.    The copyright protection of joint authors and joint ownership is calculated with reference to the date of the death of the last surviving author. Copyright work originating outside the UK or another country of the European Economic Area(EEA) or Where work was createdbrfore Ist January 1996. The term of copyright protection may be shorter if it is shorter in the country of the origin. Conclusion A literary work is specific type of work originated by author. Original work may consist on a picture, idea or a story in a meaningful pattern. The raw material may be words in case of story, lines in case of a picture or a mixture of both. The raw material is manipulated into good structured sentence or an image to convey and idea in an artistic way. The ordinary and everyday meaning of original doesnot fulfil the requirement of legal definition of original. The courts have defined original work as a piece of work that describes the relationship of the created work with the author and wether the work is originated from the author. The copyright literary work includes the literature in the everyday sense like novels, poems, biographies, literary criticism, reviews, written piece of work , spoken words, Songs, terms and conditions of the trade, tradesman catalogues, brochures and tables and compilations, anthologies, encyclopaedias, directories, suites of computer programs, the list o f printed circuit boards and database. To get Copyright protection, work should be recorded, in writing or sung. A compilation is a selection, arrangement, style and sequence of material in the form f poems, prose, extract, novels, photography, music and songs. The duration of copyright protection varies from work to work. It depends upon the category, type, nature, time and content of the work. It is usually calculated from the death of the creator. A minimum copyright protection of 50 years time is applied after authors death for original works, although this has been extended to 70 years within the European Union. References

The Origin Of Human Resource Management Management Essay

The Origin Of Human Resource Management Management Essay Introduction: A single universally acceptable definition of HRM could hardly be found in this universe. Definition varies according to the author and probably they altogether refer organizational management activities in wider sense or in relations to employees welfare , or a strategic approach to people management (1). Human Resource Management provides an international forum for discussion and debate to promote the understanding of the importance of human resource management and people management to business strategy. Human resource management (HRM), as defined by Bratton, J. Gold, J. (2003), is A strategic approach to managing employment relations which emphasizes that leveraging peoples capabilities is critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage, this being achieved through a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programmes and practices. According to this definition, we can see that human resource management should not merely handle recruitment, pay, and discharging, but also should maximize the use of an organizations human resources in a more strategic level. To describe what the HRM does in the organization, Ulrich, D. Brocklebank, W. (2005) have outlined some of the HRM roles such as employee advocate, human capital developer, functional expert, strategic partner and HR leader etc. New challenges arise even now for the organization, and it is certain that new challenges will never cease to emerge. Therefore, the use of proper Human Resources techniques is a really powerful way for organizations to overcome these challenges, and to improve not only their quantitative goals but also their organizational culture, and their qualitative, cognitive aspects. Take our 20 best people away, and I will tell you that Microsoft would become an unimportant company (Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft in Fortune, November 25th, 1996). This clarifies that how important is HRM for the development of business. In the global recession period HRM could play an important role in reducing the recession. organizations do not owe their success solely to market realities and sustainable competitive advantages, rather successful companies are those that consider their human capital as their most important asset. HRM and Personnel management: People however often get confused with the term personal management as a HRM. Though they possess similar characteristics they are indifferent to each other. People should be aware that HRM is strategic in nature that is, being concerned with directly assisting an organization to gain sustained competitive advantage. Whereas personnel management is about the maintenance of personnel and administrative systems. HRM is more proactive than Personnel Management. Furthermore, a valuable contribution of HRM is to direct the attention to regarding people as the key resource of organisations and lending the management of personnel increased importance. Personnel management refers to a set of functions, for example, recruitment and selection, often performed effectively but with little relationship between the various activities, or with overall organizational objectives. HRM, in contrast, assumes that all personnel activities are integrated with each other and strategically with organizational objectives (Nankervis, Compton and McCarthy, 1999, pp.4-5). Main differences between Personnel management and HRM: Personnel management is workforce centered, directed mainly at the organizations employees; such as finding and training them, arranging for them to be paid, explaining managements expectations, justifying managements actions etc. While on the other hand, HRM is resource -centered, directed mainly at management, in terms of devolving the responsibility of HRM to line management, management development etc. Personnel Management is basically an operational function, concerned primarily with carrying out the day-today people management activities. While on the other hand, HRM is strategic in nature, that is, being concerned with directly assisting an organization to gain sustained competitive advantage. HRM is more proactive than Personnel Management. Whereas personnel management is about the maintenance of personnel and administrative systems, HRM is about the value of organizational needs, the continual monitoring and adjustment of personnel systems to meet current and future requirements, and the management of change. Strategic HRM: Strategic HRM, as it has come to be known, is concerned with the development and implementation of people; strategies which are integrated with corporate strategies and ensure that the culture, values, structure of the organization, quality, motivation and commitment of its members; contribute fully to the achievement of its goals (Armstrong, 1991; cited in Armstrong and Long, 1994). More and more companies are proactively involving HR in the earliest stages of generating the business plan, rather than just letting HR reacts to it (Dessler, 1997; p. 19). One of the central themes of strategic HRM is its use of the term strategic, which incorporates planning, a congruous approach to the management of HR systems, and seeing employees as a source of competitive advantage (Hendry and Pettigrew, 1986). Strategic HRM seeks to ensure that all business planning processes realize that the ultimate source of value is people, and that the firms distinctive competencies and the types of people who are needed to build and maintain them are identified (Stone, 1995; p. 9-10). Such a view makes HRM an equal partner in the strategic planning process (Dessler, 1997; p. 22). The management of people is not a distinct function but the means by which all business strategies are implemented. (Armstrong and Long, 1994; p. 44). Strategic HRM is a response to change (Ezzamel, 1996: p. 76). By managing this change well, a competitive advantage can be gained through the matching of HRM to business strategy (Kamoche, 1991:p. 3). Effective HR strategies have now become the distinguishing factor among successful organizations and economies (Stone, 1995:p. 10). However, it must be realized that strategic HRM will not guarantee success it is not an instant pudding (Armstrong, 1994: p.54) Hard and Soft Models of HRM: HRM has been frequently described as a concept having two diametrically opposite, though not necessarily irreconcilable, languages: soft and hard. Soft HRM emphasizes communication, motivation and leadership (Storey, 1989: p. 8; Boxall, 1996: p. 59). It is associated with the human relations movement and McGregors Theory Y view of individuals (Truss et al, 1997: p. 54), and it assumes that employees will work most effectively if they are fully committed to the organization (Lundy, 1994; cited in Truss et al, 1997: p. 56). This model emphasizes on the varieties of stakeholders as shareholders,different group of employers, the government and the community. HR strategeis should reflect on all these groups and fuse them into the Human resource strategy and ultimately the business strategy (1). In contrast to this, Hard HRM or the matching model emphasizes the quantitative, calculative and business-strategic aspects of managing the headcounts resource in as rational a way as for any other economic factor (Storey, 1989: p. 8). This form of HRM focuses on the importance of the HR policies being closely linked to the strategic objectives of the organization, resulting in a competitive advantage (Storey and Sisson, 1993; cited in Truss et al, 1997: p. 55). In contrary this model is the process of deployment of human resources to meet business objectives. These two forms grew from roots developed within the infancy stage of HRM. The excellence movement influenced the development of soft HRM, while hard HRM was the result of strategic concern (Kamoche, 1991: p. 4). Critics of Hard and Soft Models of HRM: Ultimately, there is a conflict between elements of self-expression within the soft model, and organizational direction in the hard model. Although both versions have been taken from quite distinct intellectual traditions, they have been amalgamated into one general model that is HRM. The results from a study by Truss et al (1997) found that no single organization adopted either a pure soft or hard approach to human resource management. Though the rhetoric may be the soft version, with its foundation in communication and employee commitment, the reality of organizational goals almost always brings HRM back to the hard model (Truss, ET AL, 1997: p. 70). As a result of such inconsistency between hard and soft HRM, the credibility of HRM will continue to remain a problem (Vaughan, 1994: p. 28). In every approach, there are advantages and disadvantages. The hard approach would mean that rules, regulations and goals are clearly defined and adhered to, however, it would mean that employees will not be involved in decision-making and that may result in a decrease in motivation and commitment. The soft approach, on the other hand, although may increase motivation and commitment since employees are involved in the organization, it may prove to be chaotic if clear-cut rules and goals are not made clear as this may affect the firms profits and goals. HRM and Performance: The different roles exercised by HR managers and employees has resulted positive performance. The involvement of hrm not only increases employers skills,relation but also help in organizational performance ,productivity and growth. The given fig illustrates the relation between hr activities/roles, hrm outcomes and business performance(1). Definition: HR Manager: Human Resource manager is the person who responsible for total management of the same department optimizing the human capital to the greatest possible limit. HR manager practices HRM functions within an organization. In other words he or she is the heart of the organization who keeps the whole system alive by a list of rational activities. A good manager is the intimate friend of all employees with whom all can share business and even individual related matters that affect the performance of the organization in the short or long run. The traditional role: The traditional HR role was mainly recruitment,training and retention based where it is very much narrow and limit the potentials of both HR and employees. The repetition of the same working cycle made them unenthusiastic to a great extent but the matters concerning the employees affecting the productivity have increased the responsibility of HR.A number of study has changed the conventional roles of HR. Nowadays a HR even has to think about psychology of current employees which is the most interesting apart from influencing strategic decisions in broader perspective. High power distance: This is one of the crucial characters of traditional HR functions. In the organizational framework there were huge gaps between employees and HR. Ultimately miscommunication easily happens due to poor understanding between employees and higher officials. Low efficiency: In early days HR used to be less efficient but in coming days new sets of standards are set frequently to be an efficient HR. For example it was unimaginable to think that a manager would consider psychological aspects as well. Administrative confinement: In past days HR used to confine themselves in only administrative works but today they are more strategic and he is responsible for important decisions taken by the organization. He has to think about not only present but also future needs of the employees besides in early days there was much less motivation practice among the HR. New hr/Modern HR practices: The major contributions of HR comes from two sources: Service Delivery Facilitation roles The first one deals with recruitment and retention of staffs and confirm that they have required skills where as the second one concerns about motivation to get the best output from employees. But both these inputs can be at the operational and strategic levels depending upon business objectives. In the protection of organizational values HR has a leading role. One of the major features in new HR managers is adaptability. The role of the HR manager must match the needs of his or her shifting organization. Successful organizations are becoming more adaptable, flexible, quick to change direction, and customer-centered. Within this environment, the HR professional, who is considered necessary by line managers, is a strategic partner, an employee sponsor or advocate and a change mentor. At the same time, especially the HR, still has responsibility for employee benefits administration, often payroll, and employee paperwork, especially in the absence of any other employees .So it suggests that HR must be multi skilled. He should have strong capacity building power having other official skills. Depending on the size of the organization, the HR manager has responsibility for all of the functions that deal with the needs and activities of the organizations people including these areas of responsibility. Recruiting Hiring Training Organization development Understanding cultural diversity Work- life balance communication performance Management/Rewards and recognition Coaching Policy recommendation Salary and benefits Team building Employee relation Leadership Psycho analyst and contract By the start of twenty first century HR need to be aware of risks linked with cost cutting. The British National Health Service has long been criticized for inefficient use of resources, so large numbers of managers and administrators have been recruited to make things more efficient. Many of these new-recruits are HR people who may be perceived by health professionals as creating inefficient and costly controls at the expense of employing more health professionals. We are not suggesting that these criticisms are necessarily justified, but there are undoubtedly situations in which the criticisms are justified.( Dereck Torrington ET AL. 2006, Human resource management, Prentice Hall.) The scope of human resource planning covers not only numbers of people and skills, but also structure, culture, systems and behavior.( Dereck Torrington ET AL. 2006, Human resource management, Prentice Hall.) HR is responsible for making code of conducts or any other disciplinary issues relating to employees and organization being aware of the safety and others needs of the Employees. (With all of this in mind, in Human Resource Management Dave Ulrich, one of the best thinkers and writers in the HR field today, and a professor at the University of Michigan, recommends three additional roles for the HR manager.) HR Role: Business and Strategic Partner In todays organizations, to guarantee their viability and ability to contribute, HR managers need to think of themselves as strategic partners. In this role, the HR person contributes to the development of and the accomplishment of the organization-wide business plan and objectives. The HR business objectives are established to support the attainment of the overall strategic business plan and objectives. The tactical HR representative is deeply knowledgeable about the design of work systems in which people succeed and contribute. This strategic partnership impacts HR services such as the design of work positions; hiring; reward, recognition and strategic pay; performance development and appraisal systems; career and succession planning; and employee development. To be successful business partners, the HR staff members have to think like business people, know finance and accounting, and be accountable and responsible for cost reductions and the measurement of all HR programs and processes. Its not enough to ask for a seat in executive table.HR people will have to prove they are the business minded necessary to sit there. HR Role: Employee Mentoring As an employee sponsor or advocate, the HR manager plays an integral role in organizational success via his knowledge about and advocacy of people. This advocacy includes expertise in how to create a work environment in which people will choose to be motivated, contributing, and happy. Fostering effective methods of goal setting, communication and empowerment through responsibility, builds employee ownership of the organization. The HR professional helps establish the organizational culture and climate in which people have the competency, concern and commitment to serve customers well. In this role, the HR manager provides employee development opportunities, employee assistance programs, gain sharing and profit-sharing strategies, organization development interventions, due process approaches to problem solving and regularly scheduled communication opportunities. HR Role: Change Champion The steady assessment of the effectiveness of the organization results in the need for the HR professional to frequently champion change. Both facts about and the ability to perform successful change strategies make the HR professional exceptionally valued. The HR professional contributes to the organization by constantly assessing the effectiveness of the HR function. Knowing how to link change to the strategic needs of the organization will minimize employee dissatisfaction and resistance to change. He also sponsors change in other departments and in work practices. To promote the overall success of his organization, he champions the identification of the organizational mission, vision, values, goals and action plans. Finally, he helps determine the measures that will tell his organization how well it is succeeding in all of this. Evolution of HR function: The following fig explains the developing stage of Hr functions. Hr when introduced just include the personnel benefits of employees as payrolls,benefits,etc. With the changing environment and changing technology the hr functions get stretched and now Hr not only look about employee security and rights it practices Top level management corresponding to organizational strategy which is termed as Strategic HRM roles. Source:( http://empxtrack.com/blog/wp-content/evolution-of-hr-function.jpg) The benefits of Human Resource Management: There is correlation between the HRM strategy and the overall corporate strategy so ,the Human resource management has its significance in a planning the activities of Management and the activities of resources which involves the implementation of Human resource management in primary activities such as acquisition, development, compensation and maintenance. Where, Acquisition entails the hiring of workers most likely to help an organization achieve its goals. The development function encompasses the training of workers to perform their tasks in accordance with organization strategy. This activity also involves organization efforts to control and change employee behavior via reviews, appraisals, incentives, and discipline. Compensation covers the payment of employees for their services. Maintenance requires structuring labor relations-the interaction between a companys management and its unionized employees-and ensuring compliance with federal and state employment laws. Finally, the evaluation function includes the assessment of a companys HRM policies to determine whether they are effective. Managing the Human resource benefits the organization in a huge way, Such as : Sustaining stable workforce levels during ups and downs in output, which can reduce unnecessary employment costs and liabilities and increase employee morale that would otherwise suffer in the event of lay-offs? Preventing a high turnover rate among younger recruits. Safe Work Environments Reducing problems associated with replacing key decision makers in the event of an unexpected absence. Making it possible for financial resource managers to efficiently plan departmental budgets. Training and development activities benefit the overall organization as well as the individual as more productive. Human resource maintenance activities related to safety and health usually entail compliance with federal laws that protect employees from hazards in the workplace. Helps to simulate, analyze and experiment with proposed organizational changes and previous organizational models. It helps to attract, retain, and motivate the best people. Managing HRM find the best people and then manage and track candidates throughout the entire recruiting process. Sustaining High-Performing Employees Practices of HRM: HR has many roles to be implemented within an organization. Organization smaller or bigger atleast entertain some hr practices. The early records shows there were less practices of hr. The 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey(WERS98)(Cully ET all,1999) investigated 16 hr practices which resulted the practices were well observed in British workplaces, where 3 practices (formal disciplinary and grievance procedures, team briefing and performance appraisal) were widely observed. However job security ,participation in problem solving groups etc were in minority. The result showed only one out of five workplaces more than 16 hr practices. On the other hand only 2 percent of workplace didnt practice at all(Guest ET AL,2000). HRM in multinational companies are in a debate. The countrys business policy, political environment etc hinder the practices of HR. different border sets different rules and policy. For ex A us based company doesnt impinge on Canadian firms, similarly UK firm doesnt impinge on the Irish business system(1). The MNS should implement more centralized strategy which is beneficial to their employee. An adoptable employment strategy should exists regardless of institutional character of national business systems where they locate subsidiary operations. Investment in Human capital Due to globalization the world has become a small village and a new economy emerges where it necessitates investment in human capital, knowledge, commitment, enthusiasm of the employees. So the focus has shifted from physical assets to intellectual capital. The emerging new economy has several features: Consists of global work forces with increasing optimization of skills Higher speed of technology and innovation Creation of abundant business opportunities It decentralizes the power It rewards openness People becoming greatest capital. Practical case of HR roles in Finland and abroad: Finland applies a wide variety of hr practices. For ex MC Donald has been using different practices as reward through base pay. Employee holiday travel, pension,training,bonuses,etc are other roles widely practiced in Finland. For example recently an it firm in Finland was offering an programming specialist job, where they were training selected candidates for the first 9 month. This is a training based pay practices of HR functions which is vigorously applied from a simple cleaning job to an highly skilled job. Similarly Yahoo initiates performance related pay (PRP) during recession only among the 5% officials who were in top levels as well to reduce the dependency upon the lower employees and thus it cut the cost though unfortunately many had to leave the job. Nokia is also practising Hr in a wider sense. The development of human resources is a business proposition, which endeavors to delight its costumers, motivates its employees and increase the agility and flexibility of the management to address specific HR needs. Furthermore, The HR manager is challenged with the task of providing skills,cultures,atmosphere and processes necessary fore- knowledge and capabilities. Nokia beleieves in the importance of individual either its an individual,employer or an stakeholders. Critiques: The HR functions have been changing with the time. Some author argues is it really necessary for the changes in Hr function. What else matter in organizations rather than employees performance. If an employee is faithful to organization , he or she devotes fully to organization well being. However bonus or certain rewards are acceptable but does an employee really needs to be motivated by HR specialist if organization is treating well? Has the new changes benefited to the employers,stakeholders and ultimately the organizations? The answer is surely yes. Even though the organizations are practicing HR roles why the state/firm faces strikes of workers and globally increasing trade unions which interfere in employee and employer relations. There are many unanswered questions and a debate too. On the other hand many consider steps like performance related pay PRP is a capitalist approach which may breaking the unions and inter personal relationship though there is no doubt the whole tasks of HR has become more challenging with the pace of globalization. Summary: Organizations today recognize that human resource (HR) is their key asset to gain an edge over competition and achieving organizational success and effectiveness. Thus, human resource management (HRM) has now become an emerging field in the business world and a key ingredient for staying abreast of competition. Within most large organizations, HRM has taken on much the same role as Personnel Management, but with some additions, particularly in regard to business strategy. However, HRM essentially involves the policies and practices one need to carry out the human resource aspects of a management position, including recruiting, screening, training, rewarding, and appraising (Dessler, 1997; p. 2). This issue of integration with the general management is an important one for HRM. There is already some evidence to indicate that when senior management manages HR issues they are taken more seriously. A properly functioning HRM system is an invisible asset that creates value and involves the acquisition, development, reward and motivation, maintenance and departure of an organizations human capital. On the contrary, if hr managers should try to implement a strategy which is fruitful and acceptable to both top level management and employers working for it. HR managers should frequently deal with the company strategy, progress and its treatment to the workers. Hr managers should play as a driver who conquers both passengers(employee) and employers(bus) to have a smooth drive.

Plato on Education as the Development of Reason Essay -- Educational P

Plato on Education as the Development of Reason ABSTRACT: Socrates' great educational innovation was in ascribing moral worth to the intellectual activity reflectively directed at one's own life. His concept of eudaimonia was so different from the ordinary that talking about it took on sometimes a paradoxical air, as in Apology 30b3. For him, reason is not a tool for attaining goals independently thought worthwhile; rather, rationality itself, expressed in the giving of reasons and the avoidance of contradictions, confers value to goals and opinions. Persons are reasonable, but obviously not the empirical human being. But education is aimed at the empirical man or woman and inevitably employs psychological means. How then is it possible that the result of education should grow out of the depths of each individual and be nevertheless valid for all individuals? In the Symposium, Plato gives Aristophanes the crucial move. Each of us is only half the whole person and we are moved by our desire for what we lack. In this context, to cla im that the soul is immortal is to claim-at least-that the soul has a non-empirical dimension, that its real objects are not the objects of desire as such, and that a person's sensible life is not the true basis for the evaluation of his or her eudaimonia. However, in the soul which is not free from contradictions there is no advantage to right but unexamined options. There is in the life of the naà ¯ve just an insecurity which is not merely pragmatic. Even if a person never falters to the end of life, this is no more than moral luck. One is still guilty on the level of the logos, and liable to blame and punishment not for what one does, but for what one could have done. 'The unexamined life', says ... ...ra, e.g., T.Irwin, Plato's Ethics (New York and London, Oxford University Press, 1995), 301f. (6) Cf. J. Mittelstrass, 'On socratic dialogue', Platonic Writings / Platonic Readings, ed. C.L. Griswold (New York and London, Routledge, 1988), 126-142. (7) Cf., e.g., Callicles: 'I care nothing for what you say, and even those answers I gave you because of Gorgias' (Gorgias 505c5-6); Thrasymachus: 'To appease you, since anyway you do not let me talk. What else do you want?' (Republic i 350e6-7). (8) Diogenes Laertius vi 24. (9) So, for example, Phaedrus 246 ff. (10) Phaedrus 271d ff. (11) Cf. H. v. Arnim, Platon's Jugenddialoge (Leipzig, 1914); S.Scolnicov, 'Friends and friendship in Plato', Scripta Classica Israelica xii (1993), 67-74. (12) Cf.Phaedo 89b10. (13) Cf. S. Scolnicov, Plato's Metaphysics of Education (London, Routledge, 1988), ch. 12.

Essay --

According to the film â€Å"Too Big Too Fail† the cause of the crash was from home loanings. Which in the case banks started to give out loans to people that owned homes. Giving out loan to homeowners the banks started to gain a lot of money. Later on in the process the owners of the banks began to go overboard by giving out more loans. And since the banks were lending out more loans , homeowners thought they could afford it. Reasons why the housing market crashed according to the film was because banks gave homeowners loans even if they could not afford it. The banks had their pride set to high, because they never thought that the housing market would ever crash or go down, so they invested securities in wall street. So the banks bought insurance on consumer loans. Which consumer loan is â€Å" a loan that establishes consumer credit that is granted for personal use, usually unsecured and based on the borrowers integrity and ability to pay† (Free Dictionary). When the housing market dropped the homeowners could not pay the banks their money back. In which the insurance companies could not pay...

SPIRIT LIFTER :: essays research papers

SPIRIT LIFTER >God has kept me here for a reason. >I survived because he has a plan for me. >All my bad relationships, the bad credit, the >repossessions, the death of my loved ones, >the back stabbing from my friends, the negative thoughts, >or the lack of support, I made it because I am blessed! >I release and let go of all past hurts, misunderstandings and grudges >because I am blessed! >I recognize them as the illusions they are, for God is all there is. >All else is a lie! >Now give yourself a hug, wipe your tears and walk in victory!!!!!!!! I >love you, but more appropriately God loves you BEST! Be blessed and >know that you are at one with THE SPIRIT OF THE LIVING GOD! And may the Lord >keep watch between you and me when we are away from each other. >Genesis 31:49. Amen! >Now since you are a true child of God, you know that with every >blessing, a blessing is required! So bless another, by passing this on. Have a Blessed Day. Mabel Do you Yahoo!? SPIRIT LIFTER >God has kept me here for a reason. >I survived because he has a plan for me. >All my bad relationships, the bad credit, the >repossessions, the death of my loved ones, >the back stabbing from my friends, the negative thoughts, >or the lack of support, I made it because I am blessed! >I release and let go of all past hurts, misunderstandings and grudges >because I am blessed! >I recognize them as the illusions they are, for God is all there is. >All else is a lie! >Now give yourself a hug, wipe your tears and walk in victory!!!!!!!! I >love you, but more appropriately God loves you BEST! Be blessed and

Analysis of “The Doctor in the House” by R.Gordon

The text under analysis is an extract from the book â€Å"Doctor in the house† written by a famous English-speaking writer Richard Gordon by name, who was born in 1921 .Richard Gordon is the pen name used by Gordon Ostlere, an English surgeon and anaesthetist.Richard Gordon has written numerous novels, screenplays for film and television and accounts of popular history, mostly dealing with the practice of medicine. He is most famous for a long series of comic novels on a medical theme starting with Doctor in the House. Gordon worked as anaesthetist at St. Bartholomew's Hospital and later as a ship's surgeon and as assistant editor of the British Medical Journal.In 1952, he left medical practice and took up writing full time. The text is devoted to the final examinations at the medical institutions and tells us about the condition of students before, during and after exams. This extract is constructed around the single theme -the procedure of the exams. Therefore, the theme of the text is examination time.The author uses numerous thematic words, such as: the student, the final examinations, the exams, to prepare, the examiners, cheating, textbooks, to swot up, the written papers, uniformed, examinees, knowledge, tripos, viva, marking, grading, to pass and so on.Besides the basic theme the text touches upon many very important secondary themes: the psychological types of students, cheating at the exams, students’ prejudice, disadvantage of women student at the exams, the psychological pressure of the process of the examination on the students.The main idea conveyed by the author may be expressed as: the examination is like a lottery(much depends upon luck). The plot structure is closed, because it contains all the components. From the exposition we learn general information about students’ attitude to the final examinations and the way of preparation for this important event, the condition of students before, during and after exams.It begins with the comparison the final exams with death; this image presents the students’ attitude to the event. The author  gives the description of preparation for the examinations. â€Å"To a medical student the final examinations are something like death: an unpleasant inevitability to be faced sooner or later†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The exposition ends with  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦ and ran a final breathless sprint down the well-trodden paths of medicine.†The main character is medical student R. Gordon.( and the students themselves). Author tells us about him nothing, because he wants to say that Gordon is an ordinary student. Author uses indirect method of characterization, and we can learn something of him only through his feelings. And we see the exams through his own eyes. The story is told from first person narration. The place is a medical universityThe time is the examination timeThe atmosphere is tense and excitingThe story contains 2 logical parts . The narrator depicts the pro cedure of the exams which consists of two parts: written papers, after which one of the students gives a very specific theory of the way the tripos is marking at Cambridge; and the viva – the oral examination, before which he characterizes different types of candidates’ behavior anticipating it. The complication of the narration is showing the process of exam, candidates’ excitement and suspense of the results.This part of the text stretches from â€Å"The examination began with the written papers† to â€Å"†Number three oh six?† the Secretary whispered, without looking up from the book. â€Å"R. Gordon?† â€Å"Yes† I croaked.† The tension reaches its highest degree when poor Gordon almost believe in his fail. And the climax, when the Author describes how the Secretary of the Committee calls out Gordon’s name, because in that moment we become interested in his results, do he pass or fail.â€Å"The world stood still . The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralysed, the clouds hung in the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, the sun halted in the sky. â€Å"Pass,† he muttered.† The author deliberately postpones the denouement keeping the reader in pressing anticipation. It comes in the last paragraph, after the moment when he heard the magic word â€Å"Pass†. It was a kind of liberation and the ending of suffering . â€Å"Blindly, like a man just hit by a blackjack, I stumbled upstairs.†This text is narration with elements of dialogues. The style of written prose is formal. The story deals with describing process of exams, difficulties provided by them and students feelings and thoughts before and after examination. The author tries to convey hard emotional state of the medical students in his novel. He manages to do it with the abundant use of stylistic devices.Similes: â€Å" To a medical student the final examinations are something lik e death† â€Å"I was shown to a tiny waiting-room furnished with hard chairs, a wooden table, and windows that wouldn't open, like the condemned cell.† â€Å"The days after the viva were black ones. It was like having a severe accident.† â€Å"The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected silence and stillness, like an unexploded bomb.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"he goes at them like a prize-fighter†, â€Å"porters like the policemen†, â€Å"the god’s brow threatens like imminent thunderstorm† â€Å"my palms were as wet as sponges†, â€Å"blindly, like a man just hit by a blackjack†.The author brilliantly uses the allusion referring to the Bible’s Judgment day. We discover that final exams are death and the Secretary as an archangel corresponds where they would go to the paradise or to hell. â€Å"The candidate would step up closely to the Secretary, who would say simply â€Å"Pass† or â€Å"Failed†. Succ essful men would go upstairs to receive the congratulations and handshakes of the examiners and failures would slink miserably out of the exit to seek the opiate oblivion.†Metaphor: ‘a straight contest ’ â€Å"an examination is nothing more than an investigation† â€Å"the Old Stager, who treated the whole thing with the familiarity of a photographer at a wedding† â€Å"the well-trodden paths†.Some hyperboles create a great chasm between students and examiners:† But the viva is judgement day. A false answer, and the god's brow threatens like imminent thunderstorm.† The other ones reflect the influence of candidate’s fears on theirs health and perception of the world: â€Å"But the viva is judgement day. A false answer, and the god's brow threatens like imminent thunderstorm.†The following short parallels constructions help to reflect the tense during anticipation of the narrator’s result: â€Å"The world stood still. The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralysed, the clouds hung in the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, thesun halted in the sky.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whether these people were so brilliant they were able to complete the examination in an hour and a half or whether this was the time required for them to set down unhurriedly their entire knowledge of medicine was never apparent from the nonchalant air with which they left the room.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The world stood still. The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralysed, the clouds hung in the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, the sun halted in the sky.†Irony: â€Å"Whether these people were so brilliant they were able to complete the examination in an hour and a half or whether this was the time required for them to set down unhurriedly their entire knowledge of medicine was never apparent from the nonchalant air with which they left the room.†Inversion:â€Å" To a medical student the final examinations are something like death† â€Å"In the square outside the first person I recognized was Grimsdyke.† â€Å"Next to him, a man of the Frankly Worried class sat on the edge of his chair tearing little bits off his invitation card and jumping irritatingly every time the door opened. â€Å" â€Å" Blindly, like a man just hit by a blackjack, I stumbled upstairs.† Epithet:impressionable music despondently ticked flagrant cheating looked dispassionately down anonymous examinees tiny waiting room came solemnly down the stairs restless crowdOxymoron: â€Å"There is rarely any frank cheating in medical examinations† â€Å"to give the examiners the impression of frustrated brilliance.† â€Å"Some of them strode up for an extra answer book, with an awkward expression of self-consciousness and superiority in their faces.† Repetition:â€Å"Number one hundred and sixty-one,† he began. â€Å"Number three hundred and two. Number three hundred and six.† Grimsdyke punched me hard in the ribs, â€Å"Go on,† he hissed. â€Å"It's you!†Idioms: to keep an eye open for terrible displeasureMetonymy: â€Å"The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected silence and stillness, like an unexplodedbomb.†Emotionally coloured verbs: Gaze,hiss,croak,stumbleGradation: â€Å"The world stood still. The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralysed, the clouds hung in the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, the sun halted in the sky.†This story is rather interesting and attracts the reader’s attention. It makes us to experience the psychological state of the students .